![]() ![]() Vicente Rafael’s White Love and Other Events in Filipino History (2000) chronicles this disconnection between the rule of the colonial center and those within the territorial borders. Socially and geographically isolated communities retained some indigenous traditions while experiencing Spanish colonial culture in varying degrees. Within this colonial geography, however, Spain realized that the actual distance between the capital center of Manila and areas on the margins (as well as the very real problems with overcoming difficult terrain between communities) made ruling difficult. Although anthropological investigations continue, scholars believe Spain claimed territory encompassing over 150 cultural, ethnic, and linguistic groups. ![]() The maps delineating Las Islas Filipinas as a single entity belied the ethnolinguistic diversity of the area. Yet it was the Spanish government that bound thousands of islands under a single colonial rule. Chinese, Arabic, and Indian traders, for example, engaged in extensive commerce with local populations as early as 1000 AD. The issue of shifting boundaries notwithstanding, the modern-day cartographic image of the Philippine archipelago as a unified whole was credited to Jesuit priest Pedro Murillo Velarde, Francisco Suarez, and Nicolas de la Cruz who, in 1734, conceptualized, sketched, and engraved the first accurate map of the territory.Įxplorers for Spain were not the first to encounter the islands. When, during the Seven Years’ War, Spain lost control of Manila from 1762–64, the area effectively became part of the British Empire. ![]() Had other colonies been maintained or certain battles victorious, Las Islas Filipinas could have included, for example, territory in what is now Borneo and Cambodia. During Spanish rule, the boundaries of the empire changed as Spain conquered, abandoned, lost, and regained several areas in the region. Ruy Lopez de Villalobos, claiming this area for the future King Philip II of Spain in the mid-1500s, took possession of the islands while imagining the first borders of the future Philippine state. Under royal decree, Spanish colonizers eventually demarcated a broad geographical expanse of hundreds of islands into a single colony, thus coalescing large groups of cultural areas with varying degrees of familiarity with one another as Las Islas Filipinas. During their sixteenth-century expansion into the East, Ferdinand Magellan and other explorers bearing the Spanish flag encountered several uncharted territories. The genesis of the Philippine nation, however, is a more complicated historical narrative. From the bamboo a woman and man come forth, the progenitors of the Filipino people. Re-envisioning Asia: Contestations and Struggles in the Visual ArtsĪlthough the details vary in the retelling, one Philippine creation myth focuses on this core element: a piece of bamboo, emerging from the primordial earth, split apart by the beak of a powerful bird.Distinguished Service to the Association for Asian Studies Award.Distinguished Contributions to Asian Studies Award.Striving for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Asian Studies: Humanities Grants for Asian Studies Scholars.Gosling-Lim Postdoctoral Fellowship in Southeast Asian Studies.Cultivating the Humanities & Social Sciences Initiative Grants.AAS Takes Action to Build Diversity & Equity in Asian Studies.AAS Community Forum Log In and Participate.Scientific tests have shown that both the Holy Lance itself and the nail embedded in its tip are made from metal which actually dates to a period between the 8th and the 9th centuries, thus proving conclusively that, like most so-called "holy" relics from the medieval era, it's a fake. It was recovered in 1945 and is now kept in a museum collection in the Hofburg Palace in Vienna. The Lance was kept in collections of religious artefacts held by various empires and dynasties for several hundred years until it was acquired by the Nazis, hidden away during World War II, and almost lost to the world. The Carolingian dynasty was a Frankish dynasty which ruled areas of France from the 7th Century in other words, at least six centuries too late for the time of Jesus. For centuries, the Holy Lance was believed to be the spear which killed Jesus on the cross, but in shape and style it is a fairly typical Carolingian winged lance furthermore, a centurion standing guard at a crucifixion wouldn't have been carrying a cavalry lance (which is too long for easy use on foot), but instead the standard Roman infantry spear or javelin called a pilum. The Spear of Destiny shown in the film is a fairly accurate facsimile of the historical artefact known as the "Holy Lance".
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